From subsurface to surface: a multidisciplinary approach to decoding uplift histories in tectonically-active karst landscapes     

Christos Pennos  Stein-Erik Lauritzen  Konstantinos Vouvalidis  Patience Cowie  Sofia Pechlivanidou  Charikleia Gkarlaouni  Michael Styllas  Panagiotis Tsourlos  Antonios Mouratidis 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(9):1710-1721

We present an integrated study of subsurface and surficial karst landforms to unravel the uplift history of karst landscape in a tectonically-active area. To this end, we apply a multidisciplinary approach by combining cave geomorphology and Th/U dating of speleothems with remote sensing plus geophysical imaging of surface landforms. We use as an example Mt. Menikio in northern Greece where four caves share well-defined epiphreatic/shallow phreatic characteristics that are related to the distribution of surface and buried doline fields and provide evidence for three distinct water table stillstands (e.g. expressed as cave levels) now lying at ~130 m, ~800 m and ~1600 m a.m.s.l. Our dating constraints delimit the age of the lower water table stillstand prior to 77 ka ago and imply a maximum rate of relative base level drop of 0.45 mma^-1, which is consistent with relative tectonic uplift rate estimates along currently active normal faults. We interpret the elevation of the higher water table stillstands to reflect earlier phases of uplift related to the regional tectonic events associated with the development of the North Anatolian Fault and the Northern Aegean area. Our analysis shows that the combined study of epiphreatic/shallow phreatic caves and surficial karst landforms together, is a robust way to investigate the uplift history of a karst landscape in a tectonically-active setting. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the feedback between water turbidity and microphytobenthos growth in shallow tidal environments     

Mattia Pivato  Luca Carniello  Isabella Moro  Paolo D'Odorico 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(5):1192-1206

Shallow tidal environments (e.g. bays, estuaries, lagoons) represent one of the most productive ecosystems in the world, and they are threatened by current climate change and increasing human pressure. Monitoring the bio-morphodynamic evolution of these environments is therefore a crucial task that requires a detailed and holistic scrutiny. The present study aims to investigate the temperature of the water–sediment continuum, its effect on the related microphytobenthos (MPB) growth and the related bio-stabilization of the bed sediment surface under different water depth and water turbidity conditions. We investigated the vertical energy transfer and the temperature dynamics by applying a 1-D model to a shallow coastal lagoon. Our results show that the water temperature does not substantially change under different turbidity conditions, whereas the sediment temperature exhibits important changes. Two major factors driving the MPB photosynthetic growth are the sediment surface temperature and the light availability at the sediment bed, which can both be computed using the vertical energy transfer model. We observed that, in general, clear water conditions better promote MPB growth over the entire year. The limiting factor for the photosynthetic process is usually the light availability at the bottom, which increases under clear water conditions. As MPB provides a bio-stabilizing effect on the bed sediments by producing a biofilm on the sediment surface that reduces sediment resuspension, our results suggest a positive feedback between MPB growth and water column turbidity. Furthermore, MPB growth and the related sediment bio-stabilization are clearly affected by the seasonal variation of surface sediment temperature and light availability. This seasonal variation of MPB growth rate and surface sediment bio-stabilization must be considered when studying the long-term morphodynamic evolution of tidal environments. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

浅地震反射剖面揭示地震小区划覆盖层厚度及隐伏断裂——以九江芳兰规划区为例     

林松  蔡永建  雷东宁  王秋良  杨钢 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(9):881-885

以九江芳兰规划区为例，利用浅层地震反射方法获取小区划工区的覆盖层厚度，并查明周边隐伏断裂位置及特征。结合钻孔资料对比解译，对地震小区划工作提供基础地震地质信息，同时为该区的活断层探测和地震危险性评价提供参考资料。  相似文献   

融合浅层特征的深度卷积神经网络互花米草遥感监测方法     

朱玉玲  王建步  王安东  王锦锦  赵晓龙  任广波  胡亚斌  陈晓英  马毅 《海洋科学》2019,43(7):12-22

基于2018年10月份黄河口入海两侧的LANDSAT8 OLI影像,提取植被指数和缨帽变换分量共9维光谱特征,构建融合浅层特征的8层深度卷积神经网络(deepconvolutionalneuralnetwork,DCNN)分类模型,开展互花米草(SpartinaalternifloraLoisel)遥感监测的方法研究,并从不同的浅层特征来具体分析互花米草的监测结果。结果表明:(1)在分类方法上,DCNN模型的总体分类精度最高,达到90.33%,与支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)、随机森林(random forest, RF)分类器相比,精度分别提高4.78%、2.7%,互花米草的生产者精度分别提高了2.56%、0.47%,说明在滨海湿地遥感影像分类中, DCNN有着更好的应用潜力;(2)融合浅层特征后, DCNN的总体分类精度和互花米草的识别精度分别提高了0.34%和3.25%,有效提高了对互花米草的监测能力。其中,融合归一化植被水分指数(NDII)浅层特征的DCNN分类方法中,互花米草的识别精度提高最多,为2.56%,比值植被指数(RVI)次之,为2.32%。研究结果可为互花米草的监测与管理提供技术与数据支撑。  相似文献   

EXPLORATION OF UNDERWATER THREE-DIMENSIONAL TOPOGRAPHY AND ACTIVE FAULTS: A CASE STUDY OF QIONGHAI,XICHANG     

CAI Ming-gang  LU Ren-qi  HE Hong-lin  XU Xi-wei  WANG Zhen-nan  LI Hai-ou  WU Xi-yan 《地震地质》2018,40(1):204-214

The theories, techniques and methods for the exploration of active faults in the terrestrial domain are relatively mature, while such efforts in the water domain remain very few. In this study, the AAE shallow profiler was used to detect the underwater three-dimensional topography and active faults in the Qionghai area, Xichang for the first time. Based on the SKUA-GOCAD software platform and its DSI interpolation method, three-dimensional modeling of the exploration data was carried out. The survey profiles clearly reveal three different reflection interfaces, including the underwater interface, the interface between the silt layer and shallow sedimentary layer, and the bottom of the shallow sedimentary layer. The three-dimensional topography of the Qionghai area was mapped initially. Moreover, evidence of active faults was first found in several survey profiles from the reflection interface cutoff. This study also analyzed and discussed the working principle and characteristics of the AAE shallow profiler, including their parameters and various factors of exploration. The mapped three-dimensional topography and active faults in the Qionghai area of Xichang can provide a reference for research on the active tectonics underwater in the future.  相似文献   

Imaging shallow structure with active-source surface wave signal recorded by distributed acoustic sensing arrays          下载免费PDF全文

Zhenghong Song  Xiangfang Zeng  Clifford H. Thurber  Hebert F. Wang  Dante Fratta 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(4):208-214

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is one recently developed seismic acquisition technique that is based on fiber-optic sensing. DAS provides dense spatial spacing that is useful to image shallow structure with surface waves. To test the feasibility of DAS in shallow structure imaging, the PoroTomo team conducted a DAS experiment with the vibroseis truck T-Rex in Brady’s Hot Springs, Nevada, USA. The Rayleigh waves excited by the vertical mode of the vibroseis truck were analyzed with the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method. Phase velocities between 5 and 20 Hz were successfully extracted for one segment of cable and were employed to build a shear-wave velocity model for the top 50 meters. The dispersion curves obtained with DAS agree well with the ones extracted from co-located geophones data and from the passive source Noise Correlation Functions (NCF). Comparing to the co-located geophone array, the higher sensor density that DAS arrays provides help reducing aliasing in dispersion analysis, and separating different surface wave modes. This study demonstrates the feasibility and advantage of DAS in imaging shallow structure with surface waves.  相似文献   

Outburst susceptibility assessment of moraine‐dammed lakes in Western Himalaya using an analytic hierarchy process          下载免费PDF全文

Chander Prakash  R. Nagarajan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(14):2306-2321

Glacier retreat results in the formation and expansion, and sometimes outburst, of moraine‐dammed lakes worldwide. Sudden outburst floods from such lakes have caused enormous damage to settlements and infrastructure located downstream. Such lakes located in the Himalayan region are highly prone to outburst floods due to climatic conditions and geotectonic settings. In this study, multi‐temporal Landsat images from 2002–2014, digital elevation models (DEMs), geomorphic analysis and modelling were used to assess the changes in glacial lakes and the outburst susceptibility of moraine‐dammed lakes in the Chandra–Bhaga basin of the north‐western Indian Himalaya. An inventory of lakes was developed using satellite data, thematic maps and ground‐based investigations for the Chandra–Bhaga basin. The total area of all glacial lakes (size >5000 m²) increased by 47% from 2002 to 2014, with a pronounced increase of 57% for moraine‐dammed lakes. Sixteen moraine‐dammed lakes were identified and assessed for outburst susceptibility using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Forty‐one reported glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events from moraine‐dammed lakes in Himalayan regions were analysed, culminating in the identification of 11 critical factors for assessing outburst susceptibility using the AHP, including those related to the lake area and change, surrounding terrain characteristics, dam geometry, regional seismicity and rainfall history. The past three GLOF events in the Himalayan region were used to validate the method and to classify moraine‐dammed lakes as having very high, high, medium or low outburst susceptibility. Eight lakes classified as very high and high outburst susceptibility should be further investigated in detail. The proposed AHP‐based approach is suitable for first‐order identification of critical lakes for prioritising future detailed investigation and monitoring of moraine‐dammed glacial lakes in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孔令健  姜春露  郑刘根  程桦  任梦溪  闵飞虎  方刘兵 《湖泊科学》2017,29(5):1158-1167

为研究淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体的补给水源及溶质来源,在现场调查的基础上,系统采集丰水期、平水期、枯水期沉陷区积水、地表河水和浅层地下水样进行测试分析,采用Piper三线图、Gibbs图和因子分析方法,对不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素进行讨论.结果表明:地表水水体总溶解性固体(TDS)质量浓度表现为枯水期丰水期平水期,浅层地下水表现为枯水期平水期丰水期,地表水TDS质量浓度明显高于浅层地下水.地表水中主要阴阳离子为Na~+、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-),水化学类型主要为SO_4~(2-)-Cl~--Na~+型;浅层地下水离子以HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)为主,表现为HCO_3~--Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)型.结合Gibbs图和因子分析可知,地表水受蒸发作用、地表径流以及采煤活动等因素影响,浅层地下水在一定程度上体现出大气降水和地表水补给的特点,受岩石风化作用影响较为明显.  相似文献   

A new tool to trace past human presence from lake sediments: the human‐specific molecular marker Bacteroides strain HF 183          下载免费PDF全文

JACEK MADEJA 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):349-354

  相似文献   

Tracking hydrological responses of a thermokarst lake in the Old Crow Flats (Yukon Territory,Canada) to recent climate variability using aerial photographs and paleolimnological methods     

Lauren A. MacDonald  Kevin W. Turner  Ann M. Balasubramaniam  Brent B. Wolfe  Roland I. Hall  Jon N. Sweetman 《水文研究》2012,26(1):117-129

Recent studies using remote sensing analysis of lake‐rich thermokarst landscapes have documented evidence of declining lake surface area in response to recent warming. However, images alone cannot identify whether these declines are due to increasing frequency of lake drainage events associated with accelerated thermokarst activity or to increasing evaporation in response to longer ice‐free season duration. Here, we explore the potential of combining aerial photograph time series with paleolimnological analyses to track changes in hydrological conditions of a thermokarst lake in the Old Crow Flats (OCF), Canada, and to identify their causes. Images show that the water level in lake OCF 48 declined markedly sometime between 1972 and 2001. In a sediment core from OCF 48, complacent stratigraphic profiles of several physical, geochemical, and biological parameters from ～1874–1967 indicate hydro‐limnological conditions were relatively stable. From ～1967–1989, declines in organic matter content, organic carbon isotope values, and pigment concentrations are interpreted to reflect an increase in supply of minerogenic sediment, and subsequent decline in aquatic productivity, caused by increased thermo‐erosion of shoreline soils. Lake expansion was likely caused by increased summer rainfall, as recorded by increased cellulose‐inferred lake‐water oxygen isotope compositions. Stratigraphic trends defining the lake expansion phase terminated at ～1989, which likely marks the year when the lake drained. Above‐average precipitation during the previous year probably raised the lake level and promoted further thermo‐erosion of the shoreline soils that caused the lake to drain. These are meteorological conditions that have led to other recent lake‐drainage events in the OCF. Thus, the decline in lake level, evident in the aerial photograph from 2001, is unlikely to have been caused by evaporation, but rather is a remnant of a drainage event that took place more than a decade earlier. After drainage, the lake began to refill, and most paleolimnological parameters approach levels that are similar to those during the stable phase. These findings indicate that combined use of aerial images and paleolimnological methods offers much promise for identifying the hydrological consequences of recent climatic variations on thermokarst lakes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献